Spice Girls - Spice Girls free essay sample

If you enjoy listening to pop/rock music, you will really enjoy the Spice Girls album. It has two top hits on the radio today. One is called If ya wannabe my lover and the other is Say youll be there. They are very popular right now. They are among the top ten in the world. The group consists of five girls. Each has a different role in the music they play, but they all work together to make their music cool and popular to teenagers today. This is the Spice Girlss first self-titled album. I bought it about a week ago and enjoyed every minute I have listened to it. Even their music videos are really awesome. Its one of the best compact disks of my collections. Whenever I turn on the radio and the songs come on, I recite the whole song word for word. We will write a custom essay sample on Spice Girls Spice Girls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think that the group is going to be around for quite a while. Everyone is listening to them, and I think you should really, really consider buying this album. You would really enjoy it. Its worth spending the $15 dollars. The album is the best.

How to Make an Inference in 5 Easy Steps

How to Make an Inference in 5 Easy Steps We all have to take those standardized tests where youre presented with a large passage of text and must work your way through the multiple-choice problems that follow. Most of the time, youll get questions asking you to find the main idea, determine the authors purpose, understand vocabulary in context, figure out the authors tone, and, the topic at hand, make inferences. For many people, understanding how to make an inference is the toughest part of the reading passage, because an inference in real life requires a bit of guessing. On a multiple-choice test, however, making an inference comes down to honing a few reading skills like these listed below. Read them, then practice your new skills with the inference practice problems listed below. What exactly is an inference? Step 1: Identify an Inference Question First, youll need to determine whether or not youre actually being asked to make an inference on a reading test. The most obvious questions will have the words suggest, imply or infer right in the tag like these: According to the passage, we can reasonably infer...Based on the passage, it could be suggested that...Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage?The passage suggests that this primary problem...The author seems to imply that†¦ Some questions, however, will not come right out and ask you to infer. Youll have to actually infer that you need to make an inference about the passage. Sneaky, huh? Here are a few that require inferencing skills, but dont use those words exactly. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?Which of the following sentences would the author most likely use to add additional support to paragraph three? Step 2: Trust the Passage Now that youre certain you have an inference question on your hands, and you know exactly what an inference is, youll need to let go of your prejudices and prior knowledge and use the passage to prove that the inference you select is the correct one. Inferences on a multiple-choice exam are different from those in real life. Out in the real world, if you make an educated guess, your inference could still be incorrect. But on a multiple-choice exam, your inference will be correct because youll use the details in the passage to prove it. You have to trust that the passage offers you the truth in the setting of the test and that one of the answer choices provided is correct without stepping too far outside the realm of the passage. Step 3: Hunt for Clues Your third step is to start hunting for clues – supporting details, vocabulary, characters actions, descriptions, dialogue, and more – to prove one of the inferences listed below the question. Take this question and text, for example: Reading Passage: The widow Elsa was as complete a contrast to her third bridegroom, in everything but age, as can be conceived. Compelled to relinquish her first marriage after her husband died in the war, she married a man twice her years to whom she became an exemplary wife despite their having nothing in common, and by whose death she was left in possession of a splendid fortune, though she gave it away to the church. Next, a southern gentleman, considerably younger than herself, succeeded to her hand, and carried her to Charleston, where, after many uncomfortable years, she found herself again a widow. It would have been remarkable if any feeling had survived through such a life as Elsas; it could not but be crushed and killed by the early disappointment of her first grooms demise, the icy duty of her second marriage, and the unkindness of her third husband, which had inevitably driven her to connect the idea of his death with that of her comfort. Based on the information in the passage, it could be suggested that the narrator believes Elsas prior marriages to be:A. uncomfortable, but well-suited to ElsaB. satisfactory and dull to ElsaC. cold and damaging to ElsaD. awful, but worth it to Elsa To find clues that point to the correct answer, look for descriptions that would support those first adjectives in the answer choices. Here are some of the descriptions of her marriages in the passage: †¦she became an exemplary wife despite their having nothing in common†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦after many uncomfortable years, she found herself again a widow.†¦the icy duty of her second marriage and the unkindness of her third husband which had inevitably driven her to connect the idea of his death with that of her comfort. Step 4: Narrow Down the Choices The last step to making a correct inference on a multiple-choice test is to narrow down the answer choices. Using the clues from the passage, we can infer that nothing much was satisfactory to Elsa about her marriages, which gets rid of Choice B. Choice A is also incorrect because although the marriages certainly seem uncomfortable based on the clues, they were not well-suited to her as she had nothing in common with her second husband and wanted her third husband to die. Choice D is also incorrect because nothing is stated or implied in the passage to prove that Elsa believed her marriages to be worth it in some way; in fact, we can infer that it wasnt worth it to her at all because she gave away the money from her second husband. So, we have to believe that Choice C is the best – the marriages were cold and damaging. The passage states explicitly that her marriage was an icy duty and her third husband was unkind. We also know that they were damaging because her feelings had been crushed and killed by her marriages. Step 5: Practice To get really good at making inferences, youll need to practice making your own inferences first, so start with these free inference practice worksheets.

Brand Loyalty A Two Dimensional Approach Marketing Essay

Brand Loyalty A Two Dimensional Approach Marketing Essay The ultimate goal of the research is to understand if brand loyalty may arise from participating in online brand communities. This section more specifically intends to provide an answer to the following sub-question: â€Å"Does commitment to online brand communities lead to members’ loyalty toward the brand?† Brand Loyalty: a Two-Dimensional Approach Nowadays, brand loyalty is considered as one of the most valuable asset of any company. Due to the higher cost of attracting new customers, companies have realized the interest of retaining existing ones by carefully developing and managing relationships with them. As explained Rosenberg and Czepiel (1983) (cited in Mellens, Dekimpe, indeed, if properly managed brand loyalty has the ability to provide companies with a sustainable competitive advantage. Companies selling brands with strong customer loyalty can enjoy valuable benefits including: â€Å"ability to maintain premium pricing, greater bargaining power with chann els of distribution, reduced selling costs, a strong barrier to potential new entries into the product or service category, and synergistic advantages of brand extensions† (Reichheld, 1996; cited in Gommans, Krismnan Mellens et al., 1996). Two main approaches in explaining the concept of brand loyalty have emerged in the landscape of the marketing literature, namely: the behavioral and attitudinal approaches. The former defines brand loyalty in terms of repeat purchases of a specific brand over time (Keller et al., 2008; Lichtlà © Sheth, 1968; Tuominen, 1999). The latter – often referred to brand commitment (Jacoby and Chestnut, 1978) – suggests brand loyalty is formed when customers demonstrate favorable attitudes, positive feelings toward a brand (Lichtlà © Fullerton, 1993; Jacoby Keller et al., 2008; Tuominen, 1999). Those partisans of the third approach argue that behavioral loyalty is a necessary condition but not sufficient to develop brand loyalty. I ndeed, customer may repeatedly buy a branded product/service out of convenience, or because she/he cannot afford to purchase another with her/his budget, or due to other reasons such as stock limitations. Such behaviors are referred to as purchase inertia (Bloemer & Kasper, 1995) or spurious loyalty (Dick & Basu, 1994) (Cited in Lichtlà © & Plichon, 2008). This implies that if, for example, the price increases or if an alternative product is available, the customer may turn to another brand. It is the reason why those authors speak of brand loyalty only when repeat purchase behavior over time is the result of positive feelings and attitudes to the brand (Lichtlà © & Plichon, 2008). Aaker (1991) and Keller et al. (2008) go a step further by explaining customers should not simply have positive feelings about the brand but they should feel a deep attitudinal attachment to the brand, leading to repurchase behaviors in the future. By viewing brand loyalty as a two-dimensional construct , limitations faced by the behavioral approach in explaining customer’s loyalty to a brand can be overcome.

Stress Effect and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stress Effect and Management - Essay Example ing for a picnic with my kids, I would first get panic attacks on how to go there and after reaching the spot, I would worry about how we would get back. By practicing Yoga, I have become calmer and I am able to control these panic attacks, plan my activities better and small issues don’t upset me too much. Yoga has helped me to reduce the harmful effects of stress. Some of the harmful effects that stress causes are headaches, exhaustion, reduced resistance to common colds and flu, digestive problems and acidity, distraction at work that can cause attention lapse and cause injuries, increased occurrence of Type 2 diabetes, premature aging, insomnia, unable to concentrate and focus on work, loss of sense of humour and tendency for rash flare-ups that can cause strained relations with colleagues and other bad effects. Too much of stress is known to cause migraines, cluster headaches and tension headaches and these cannot be cured by taking medicines. Stress also causes exhaustion and a general feeling of tiredness that drains away the creative abilities and victims feel tired and drained out after work. Too much stress causes natural resistance of the body to reduce and people become ill more frequently with colds, flu and cough and they also have problems such as ulcers caused by too mu ch secretion of the bile juice inside the stomach. Stress is also known to make people preoccupied and this can cause lapse of judgement while driving or at work and can lead to accident. It is also known to cause cardiovascular diseases that can cause artery blockage, heart attacks and other serious illness. Other than these, stress also makes people irritable and they are prone to flare up at colleagues, with very little provocation. Such behaviour causes a breakdown in interpersonal relations and effects work performance besides vitiating the atmosphere at homes. The whole observation is that stress is a needless by product of life that reduces the quality of life and causes

Leprosy in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leprosy in the Middle Ages - Essay Example If unchecked, it can result to loss of neural consciousness, blindness as well as local paralysis. Leprosy represented a major moral, social as well as health concern in the middle Ages. Few ailments have conjured the social reactions, which leprosy did in the middle Ages. Some primordial communities undertook exclusionary actions to isolate socially persons with the ailment. Other communities, whereas acknowledging the ailment, treated persons similar to normal citizens as well with compassion. This paper will discuss leprosy in the middle ages. Experts consent that Hansen’s disease was a familiar ailment in mediaeval Europe although opinions range as to its pervasiveness in the period. Writers have proposed that the ailment might have reached its peak in the 20th and 30th eras.4 They grounded this assumption upon the discovery that the total number of hospices started to care for persons with the ailment were many in the 20th and 30th centuries. For instance, in the middle o f 20th era, France had around two thousand leprosariums whereas Scotland and England had about two hundred and twenty to cater for around 1.5 m persons with leprosy. Nevertheless, some of these hospices never served persons with the ailment as well as the dread of the ailment might have resulted to over-exaggeration of its pervasiveness.3 Stereotypically, the medieval societies saw persons with the ailment as untrustworthy, unclean, wrathful, suspicious and hopeless. To the primordial citizen, Hansen’s disease meant a lengthy, disfiguring, as well as inevitable demise. Given the alleged fears of the ailment, primordial citizens evaded people with the ailment.5 Primordial citizens were apprehensive that they might contact Hansen’s disease from associating with persons with the illness and officials habitually made provisions within primordial law, for instance, prohibitions concerning ownership of property. For instance, primordial French communities regularly denied ow nership rights to persons with leprosy. Other communities approved laws to limit the personal free will of persons with leprosy, for instance, the 1276 inquests of London that stated that persons with Hansen’s disease could not reside within the city.6 Primordial communities established other restraints. For example, some individuals believed the Hansen’s disease could be contracted via the breath; therefore, persons with the ailment were only allowed to communicate only they were on down wind.1 Certain communities banned them from utilizing well-travelled roads, enter taverns, market, and even churches with no permission. Medieval communities also banned them from doing laundry within local streams, utilizing public drinking mugs, and touching babies. Restraints varied amid communities, for instance, certain Scottish communities hung or took them out of the village, whereas others allowed them to move around freely. Rendering to Kealey (1981), during 12th century Engl and, persons with the Hansen’s disease were not detested or removed from community, and leper bells and clappers were not used. One of the utmost dramatic social restraints upon persons with the Hansen’s disease was their isolation from mainstream community that was carried out for at least 8 centuries. Primordial citizens believed they might contract leprosy via association.1 Therefore, communities guaranteed that avoids were upheld amid those with and without the ailment. For

Police and the Use of Excessive Force Essay Example for Free

Police and the Use of Excessive Force Essay The use of excessive force by police organizations around the world as a crime control mechanism has been widely criticized and debated for many years. Many ask, what exactly is excessive force? What causes an officer to use excessive force and is it justified? There is much ambiguity when it comes to answering such questions. Your perception will undoubtedly create your expectation and too many times one’s failure to acknowledge, ‘the other side of the story,’ causes a misperception. How big of a role do the media play in portraying police use of excessive force as fair or unnecessary? These are all valid questions that will be addressed in this analysis as well as what is being done to address the situation. We begin with the definition of excessive force as provided by the International Association of Chiefs of Police, â€Å"excessive force is the amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling suspect† (Police use of Force, 2009). That is, police will turn to excessive force when an individual has been uncooperative. Some argue that the police’s most defining feature is their capacity to use coercive force (Katz Walker, 2008). Police use of force may include physical force as well as the power to arrest, but most importantly the power to use deadly force. It is important to keep in mind that there are laws set in place to limit the amount of force an officer uses, including excessive force. Such laws have allowed for better policing practices and an improved police/community relationship. Although police use of excessive force still arises from time to time, the number of incidents has dropped dramatically over the years. According to a study done in the years 1999 and 2000 of calls for service, force was used by police in less than one percent of the calls (Police use of Force, 2009). In actuality, the police spend most of their shift serving their community as peacekeepers as  well as helping others. So what drives a sworn police officer to use excessive force? The answer to this question is not a simple one, and rightfully so. Some argue that discrimination, stereotyping and the environment in which a n officer may patrol can contribute to the use of excessive force. People call the police because they want an officer to settle a problem: to arrest someone, to get someone to calm down, or to have someone removed from the home (Katz Walker, 2008). In other words, police are constantly put in volatile situations where the people they are dealing with can become a danger to the officer who is responding to a call and there is no telling what someone might do at any given moment. Often times when an officer has been dispatched to a scene, particularly an altercation, tempers are already flaring and what would normally be a situation calling for a simple mediation performed by the officer can easily escalate to the citizen resisting arrest for fear of going to jail, not knowing that the police is just trying to calm down the individual in order to assist with the situation more accurately. Situations like these are all too common and police can feel very much unappreciated and a sense of disrespect on behalf of those they serve. This frustration often times lead to a small number of officers easily losing their temper when confronting citizens in future instances. It must be pointed out that such instances are rare, but still do a rise from time to time. As a retired police lieutenant reflecting on his career put it, ‘The majority of cops were good, hardworking, conscientious individuals. They cared, and they wanted to do a good job. But there were enough cops—not one rotten apple, but several rotten apples—to give law enforcement the taint it had received’ ((Retired), 2000). The media, which include movies, television shows, and news organizations, have a lot of power when it comes to portraying the police as good or evil. Given the considerable ambiguity that surrounds the issue, whether police use of force is presented as police brutality and whether brutality is understood as a problem depend greatly upon which voices and views the media emphasize (Lawrence, 2000). It is the media who determine what the general public learns about street cops’ daily experience with criminals and the underclass, as well as what the middle-class public learns about other groups’ experiences with police (Lawrence, 2000). A perfect example is the famous reality television program, ‘Cops,’ where camera crews  participate in ride-along a ssignments and capture real life drama from the police officer’s viewpoint. News headlines are one of the most, if not the most, influential media forms influencing public opinion and attitude towards law enforcement. As the lawyer for a Miami policeman acquitted in the shooting death of a black motorcyclist—an acquittal that touched off days of rioting—indignantly told reporters, â€Å"If the headlines read, ‘Twice-convicted drug dealer shot while trying to run over officer,’ there wouldn’t have been any riots† (Lawrence, 2000). So the question arises, what is being done to address the situation with police use of excessive force? History has shown that policing systems and strategies can and do change. One way the situation has been dealt with in recent years is with the creation of local citizen oversight groups where complaints by citizens are reviewed to determine whether the action taken by the officer towards the individual filing the complaint was caused by a lack of policy, or a bad policy, on behalf of the police department in which case a recommendation for a new policy is sent to the department. Another way that police departments are dealing with the situation is by mounting video recorders on patrol cars as well as working with the local media and using them as a way of checks and balances. There is also the case for higher education for police officers. The subject matter of higher education as a requirement for police officers is a hot debate topic today. Study has shown that higher educated cops receive fewer complaints than those with less education (Victor E. Kappeler, 1992). Works Cited (Retired), L. A. (2000). From the Inside Looking Out. In J. Nelson, Police Brutality (p. 265). New York: Norton. Katz, C. M., Walker, S. (2008). The Police In America. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lawrence, R. G. (2000). The Politics of Force. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Police use of Force. (2009, August 04). Retrieved March 19, 2010, from National Institute of Justice web site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/topics/law-enforcement/use-of-force/welcome.htm#note1 Victor E. Kappeler, D. C. (1992). Police Officer Higher Education, Citizen Complaints, and Departmental Rule Violation. American Journal of Police , 37-54.

To Kill A Mocking Bird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird Usually, my method of writing a book review starts off with a quote. However, this time with this particular book I’ve decided to begin with a description of the author. Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. She studied law along with her father and sister. In her allegorical novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee writes about a young girl in a small southern town by showing the difficulties she will have to face as she grows up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author’s purpose is to show us how life isn’t always fair. I strongly agree with her on that for several reasons. For example, look at what happened to Tom Robinson. He was accused of a crime he didn’t commit and then he was killed because someone was lonely. She got him in trouble, which drove him to his death. In this example, life is definitely not fair because he never should have been accused of something he did not do. I could give several examples of smaller, less important situations that have the same theme as this story does â€Å"do not harm people who do not harm you.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The setting of this book was in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930’s. Scout, Jem and Dill spend the summer trying to get Boo Radley out of his house. None of them had ever seen him. Scout started to school and on his way there and back, he and Jem would find gifts in a hole in the tree by the rocky place. Scout and Jem started hearing their father referred to as a â€Å"nigger-lover† because he was defending Tom Robinson – a Negro man accused of rape. When Scout, Jem and Calpurnia come home from church, they find Aunt Alexandrea is staying with them for the trial. One night, Atticus mysteriously leaves the house. Scout, Jem, Dill follow him. A lynch mob appears and was trying to force Atticus to let them have the Negro prisoner, but then the kids show up. On the way back from a Halloween pageant, the children were attacked by someone and caused Jem a broken arm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the book, Scout changes a lot. She goes from being an immature young girl to a mature young lady. She had a lot to adjust to in this story. For example, Jem felt her was older and too old to hang out with his little sister.